The log-rank test shows a significant difference in survival rate between the HkVp+Vp group and the other groups after the ICH ( p < 0.05). parahaemolyticus (HkVp+Vp group and PS+Vp group, respectively). parahaemolyticus (HkVp group) or physiologic (0.9%) saline (PS group) were rechallenged at 168 h with live V. paramamosain were screened out, and their possible roles in immune priming were interpreted. Some molecules that may participate in the immune priming of S. Expression of immune system–related genes in the hemocytes and hepatopancreas of the mud crab ( Scylla paramamosain) before and after repeated stimulation with Vibrio parahaemolyticus were analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Many invertebrates have been demonstrated recently to have immune priming, but the relevant mechanisms are not known. “Immune priming” plays a vital part in the immune system of invertebrates, protecting against recurrent infections by pathogens, and can provide some ideas for the prevention and treatment of invertebrate diseases. 4Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Science, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.3Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China.2Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, China.1College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.Xin Zhang 1,2,3, Xinyang Zeng 3, Yulong Sun 1, Yilei Wang 2,3* and Ziping Zhang 1,4*
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